Climate change - acute physical risks
Increase in the frequency and impact of natural disasters linked to climate change with a consequent increase in physical losses for the Group and the policyholders. The acute physical risks arise from certain phenomena, especially weather-related such as storms, floods, fires or heatwaves.
Climate change - chronic physical risks
Increase in the frequency and impact of natural disasters linked to climate change with the consequent increase in physical losses for the Group and the policyholders (Events becoming more persistent). The chronic physical risks arise from longer term climate changes such as temperature changes, rising sea levels, less water availability, the loss of biodiversity and changes in the land and soil productivity.
Climate change - transition risks
Failure to manage risks linked to the transition towards a low carbon footprint economy with consequent exposure to stranded assets or areas of business and exposure to reputational risks.
Climate change - risks linked to biodiversity loss
Risk of a significant biodiversity loss and of collapse of natural ecosystems (land and sea) with significant impacts on the environment, health, food security and economic activities.
Asset Bubbles/Sovereign
Default Risk of creating asset bubbles/country risk
Ongoing recession
Ongoing recession with negative effects on businesses, competitive models, increase in defaults and unemployment, more fraud, increase in conflicts in terms of claims and disputes, very low interest rates.
Increase in commodity and energy prices
Risk of an increase in critical raw material and energy prices, due in part to the possible escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict which may push inflation up with impacts on supply chain costs, the costs and dynamics of claims and potential effects on growth.
Pandemic risk
Risk of pandemics or contagious illnesses, explicit and implicit in the portfolio, worsened by increasing resistance to medicines and antibiotics and also linked to the effects of climate change and the loss of biodiversity. Pandemics can have impacts on the various lines of the insurance business and on investments through impacts on financial markets, work organisation mechanisms, supply chains and on customer behaviour.
Demographic changes
Unsustainability of business models with long-term exposure to risk and based on the model of traditional families. Significant increase in life expectancy with impacts on the sustainability of the risk taken on, also due to the high rate of illnesses in the oldest members of society. Impacts also on managing staff in terms of attractiveness and retention of new skills.
Health Progress Backfire
"Massive increase in morbidity, neurodegenerative illnesses and mental illnesses, also due to pollution, the loss of biodiversity and resistance to antibiotics and medicines, and due to the impact of technology.
The United Nations expects that Covid-19 will reverse decades of improvements in healthcare, interrupting immunisation, cancer treatments and putting resources for the treatment of a number of health problems onto the long finger.
Impacts on both customers and on the “human resilience” of the Group (attention to the health and psychological-physical wellbeing of the employees)."
Geopolitical instability
Use of weapons of mass destruction, conflicts between countries, terrorist attacks, increasing protectionism due to changes in the international order an an increasingly multipolar world.
Increase in social polarisation and social tensions
Violent social conflicts: social rage episodes and political instability due to the increasing social polarisation (between generations: young people, a new lost generation, between genders, in terms of digital literacy and skills, etc.) and the increase in the number of people living in poverty. Failure to monitor financial inclusion, i.e. the ability to make the products and services for all segments of society accessible, understandable and financially sustainable.
Cyber risk
Increase in cyber risk due to increasing digitalisation and an increase in the availability of devices for cars, homes and people (health management devices). Cyber attacks and loss or theft of data.
Breakdown of critical infrastructures
Collapse of infrastructures such as power supplies, water supplies, transport infrastructure, GPS or IT systems due to: human activity (for example cyber attacks); natural disasters (earthquakes or floods) or cosmic threats (for example solar storms).
Data governance and data ethics
Lack of data governance with a consequent loss of control over customer relations in a context where customers are losing loyalty and requiring increasingly personalised services and new ‘non-insurance’ players are establishing toeholds (banks, postal services, technology companies, etc.), acting as intermediaries in the relationship with the customer and accessing the data.